What is Emphysema?
Emphysema is a chronic lung disease that damages the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, leading to breathing difficulties. As the air sacs weaken and rupture, they reduce the surface area of the lungs and the amount of oxygen that reaches the bloodstream. This condition is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and progresses gradually, making it harder to breathe over time.
What Causes Emphysema?
The primary cause of emphysema is long-term exposure to airborne irritants, such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, and dust. Genetic factors, such as a deficiency of the protein alpha-1 antitrypsin, which protects the lungs may also play a role.
What are the Symptoms of Emphysema?
Common symptoms of emphysema include shortness of breath, especially during physical activities, chronic cough, wheezing, and tightness in the chest. As the disease progresses, patients may experience fatigue, weight loss, and a bluish tint to the skin due to a lack of oxygen.
How is Emphysema Diagnosed?
Emphysema is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and lung function tests. Imaging tests, such as chest X-rays and CT scans, may also be used to assess the extent of lung damage. Spirometry is a common test that measures how much air you can inhale and exhale.
Treatment Options for Emphysema
Treatment for emphysema focuses on managing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Options include medications like bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, and antibiotics for infections. Pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, and lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, are also essential. In severe cases, lung volume reduction surgery or a lung transplant may be considered.
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