Primary Care / Internal Medicine

Internal medicine is a medical specialty in which doctors use scientific knowledge and clinical expertise to diagnose and treat adults with a wide range of health problems.

Asthma is a non-communicable chronic disease affecting both children and adults. It is characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the small airways. It can cause breathing issues in patients such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and chest tightness.

Allergy care refers to treatment involved in the management of allergies. An allergy is a reaction by your immune system to substances that do not cause a reaction in most other people. These substances are known as allergens. The most common allergens are pollen, dust mites, animal dander, mold spores, food, insect stings, and medicines. Allergies can cause various symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, teary eyes, swelling, itching, rashes, coughing, wheezing, or breathlessness. Allergies can range from minor to severe. Anaphylaxis is a serious reaction that can be life-threatening.

Chronic diseases are long-term conditions that often progress slowly and require ongoing management. Common examples include diabetes, heart disease, chronic respiratory diseases, and arthritis. These conditions can significantly impact daily life and overall health if not managed properly.

COPD is a progressive and chronic inflammatory disease of your lungs. The condition leads to obstructed airflow from the lungs making it harder for you to breathe.

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, the presence of high sugar (glucose) levels in the blood. The level of glucose in the blood is regulated by the insulin hormone. The normal level of glucose in the blood should be between 70 and 100mg/dL (fasting) and <140 mg/dL (random). (There are different views about the normal range of blood glucose. Please discuss the same with your healthcare team.) Impaired production or function of insulin increases glucose levels in the blood.

Emphysema is a chronic lung disease that damages the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, leading to breathing difficulties. As the air sacs weaken and rupture, they reduce the surface area of the lungs and the amount of oxygen that reaches the bloodstream. This condition is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and progresses gradually, making it harder to breathe over time.

Pain in any region of the head is called a headache. It may involve one or both sides of the head and may radiate to the neck and shoulders. You may experience dull pressure, a throbbing sensation or sharp pain that may last anywhere between an hour to days. In some cases, it may indicate a serious underlying disease.

The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood to the entire body. It consists of four chambers, separated by valves, which pump rhythmically to direct the flow of blood. Diseases of the heart may affect its structure and function. These include:

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure exerted by blood against the artery walls each time the heartbeats. It is measured as systolic and diastolic pressures, i.e. blood pressure when the heartbeats, and blood pressure in between beats, when the heart is at rest. Normal BP is ≤120 (systolic blood pressure)/80 (diastolic blood pressure) mmHg. High blood pressure or hypertension is a condition that occurs when the pressure of blood in the blood vessels is ≥140/90 mmHg.

Cholesterol is a fatty, wax-like substance synthesized by the liver in your body and is naturally present in your blood. It is used by your body to build healthy cells, produce hormones, vitamins, and bile (to digest fat). Cholesterol is also obtained from the food we eat, such as meat, cheese, eggs, and dairy products. Presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood is known as hypercholesterolemia, also called high cholesterol.

Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. These diseases can spread from person to person, through contaminated food or water, or via insect bites. Infectious diseases range from mild conditions like the common cold to severe illnesses such as tuberculosis or HIV/AIDS.

Obstructive sleep apnea describes a sleep disorder characterized by frequent pauses in breathing due to collapse or obstruction of the airway. It is quite a common disorder and affects around 4% of the population.

Osteoarthritis also called degenerative joint disease, is the most common form of arthritis. It occurs most often in older people. This disease affects the tissue covering the ends of bones in a joint (cartilage).In a person with osteoarthritis, the cartilage becomes damaged and worn out causing pain, swelling, stiffness and restricted movement in the affected joint. This condition most commonly affects the joints in the hips, knees, hands, and spine. Rarely, the disease may affect the shoulders, wrists, and feet.

Osteopenia is a condition that occurs when bone mass is lost, and the bones become weaker than normal. This occurs when calcium loss causes the insides of your bones to become brittle. If left untreated, the condition can worsen and result in osteoporosis, which increases the risk of fractures.

Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density resulting in brittle, fragile bones that are more susceptible to fractures. It is often called a "silent disease," as a majority of patients may be unaware of their condition until they develop a bone fracture.

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located in front of your neck just below the voice box (larynx). It secretes hormones that help regulate your body’s metabolism.